PROJECT 4

PROJECT 4

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PROJECT 4

Bacteria collage

MEDICALLY-IMPORTANT BACTERIA
No.	BACTERIUM	GRAM STAIN	SHAPE	SIZE	IMPORTANCE
1	Staphylococcus aureus	+	coccus	0.5-1.5 µm	Pathogen: causes Staphylococcal Pneumonia, a respiratory disease.
2	Salmonella typhi	-	bacillus	0.5-2.0 µm	Pathogen: is the agent of   Typhoid Fever, also causes food poisoning.
3	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Neither	bacillus	2-4 µm	Pathogen: causes Tuberculosis (TB) an infectious disease of the lungs.
4	Streptococcus thermophilus	+	coccus	0.5-5 µm	Beneficial: this bacterius is  used in production for fermentation in the production of yoghurt.
5	Borrelia burgdorferi	-	spirochete	Length 1-25 µm	Pathogen: causes Lyme Disease
6	Treponema pallidum	-	spirochete	Length 10-13 µm	Pathogen:causes Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease.
7	Coxiella burnetii	-	coccobacillus	Length 0.4-1.2 µm Wide 0.2-0.4 µm	Pathogen: causes Q-fever an infectious disease transmitted to human by contact with infect animals.
8	Corynebacterium diphtheriae	+	rod-shaped bacteria	Length 2-6 µm Wide 0.5µm	Pathogen: bacteria responsible for diphtheria, an upper respiratory infection
9	Clostridium difficile	+	bacillus	3 - 7µm	Normal flora, overgrowth causes: (AAD), pseudomembranous colitis
10	Streptomyces griseus	+	rod	0.5 - 1.0µm	Relatively harmless to humans, non-pathogen, used in the production of antibiotics.
11	Streptococcus pyogenes	+	streptococcus	Length less than 2µm chains/colonies greater than 0.5 mm	Opportunistic pathogen Group A (β-hemolytic) streptococci (GAS), streptococcal sore throat, strep throat, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo
12	Hemophilus influenzae	-	coccobacillus	0.3 µm	Pathogen: Hib causes meningitis (infection of the covering of the brain and the spinal cord, pneumonia (infection of the lungs) and bacteremia, infection of the bloodstream
13	Escherichia coli	-	rod shaped	2.0 µm length 0.25-1.0µm in diameter	normal flora in gut, produces vitiman k and prevents est. of pathogenic bacteria. Some serotypes can cause food poisoning in host and are responsible for food recalls.
14	Listeria monocytogenes	+	rod shaped	1-1.5µm length 0.5 width	Opportunistic foodborne pathogen. Causes septicaemia, menengitis, encephalitis, abortion even death.
15	Clostridium botulinum	+	rod shaped	0.5-2.0 µm width 1.6-22.0 µm in length	neurotoxic bacteria responsible for human botulism
16	Streptococcus mutans	+	coccus shaped	0.5-0.75µm width length varies	primary agent in the pathogen,formation of cavities in humans
17	Helicobacter pylori	-	rod shaped	0.5µm width 3.0µm long	pathogen, causes gastritis and gastric ulcers in humans
18	Mycobacterium leprae	+	rod shaped	1.8µm length 0.2-0.5 width	obligate intracellular parasite, causes Hansen's Disease aka Leprosy
19	Bacillus anthracis	+	rod	3 - 5µm	Pathogen: causes Anthrax
20	Thermus aquaticus	-	rod or short filaments, forming either a rosette or a linear pattern	average size of 15 nm	Non pathogen: useful in the field of Biotechnology, as its enzyme Taq polymerase is harvested for use in polymerase chain reactions (PCR)
21	Lactobacillus Acidophilus	+	rod shaped	0.7-1.1µm	useful in various dairy products
22	Vibrio cholera	-	rod shaped	1.5-2µm	epidemic cholera
23	Clostridium tetani	+	racquet shaped	3-7µm	Found in soil and animal feces. May cause tetanus if in contact with soiled open wound.
24	Shigella dysenteriae	-	rod shaped	1-3µm	fecal contaminated food, bacillary dysentery
25	Mycoplasma pneumonia	Neither	pear shaped	0.2-0.8µm	tracheobronchitis, primary atypical pneumonia
26	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	-	rod shaped	0.5-0.8 µm	opportunistic pathogen, reason for most nosocomial diseases, also cause of pneumonia
27	Chlamydia trachomatis	-	either coccoid or rod	0.25 - 0.3µm in diameter	parasite, causative agent of chlamydia infections (most common STD)
28	Propionibacterium acnes	+	rod	1 - 2 µm	considered non-pathogenic, but causes acne and other post-operative diseases
29	Neisseria meningitidis	_	diplococcus	0.6 to 1.0 µm	pathogen, causes: bacterial meningitis, Meningococcal disease
30	Nocardia asteroides	+	rod	0.2 µm	Pathogen: causes nocardiosis. (upper respiratory tract infection, cellulitis & brain abscesses)

REFERENCE

Case, Tortora Funke. Microbiology: an introduction.. 11th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014. Print.

Devarajan, MD, V. R. (2014, February 18). Haemophilus Influenzae Infectionsae . Haemophilus Influenzae Infections. Retrieved February 19, 2014, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/218271-overview

Institutional links. (2011, February 18). Streptococcus pyogenes. Retrieved February 19,      2014, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/strep-pyogenes-eng.php#note5

"BACTERIA." Micro-organisms. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. <http://www.biotopics.co.uk/microbes/bacter.html>.

PhD, K. T. (n.d.). Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Diphtheria. Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Diphtheria. Retrieved February 17, 2014, from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/diphtheria.html

Schenectady County Community College. (n.d.).Clostridium difficile. Retrieved from http://www.sunysccc.edu/academic/mst/microbes/12cdiff.htm

Wikipedia. (n.d.). Clostridium difficile. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile

Todar, K. (2008-2012). Bacillus anthracis and anthrax. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Anthrax_5.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013, August 29). Anthrax. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html

Sullivan, J. (n.d.). The life cycle of neisseria meningitidis. Retrieved from http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/sosarafova/assets/bio307/josullivan/page01.html

Penn State College of Engineering. (n.d.). Bacteria: Neisseria meningitidis. Retrieved from http://www.engr.psu.edu/iec/abe/database/bNeissM.htm

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. (2013, December 31). Meningococcal disease. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/

2014 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (2014). Streptomyces. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568837/Streptomyces

Todor, K. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobialworld/medical.html

2004, National Academy of Sciences, A. B. P. D. ,. J. M. P. D. ,. A. D. H. P. M. D. ,. P. D. (2004). The infectious etiology of chronic diseases: Defining the relationship, enhancing the research, and mitigating the effects. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK83685/

NIH/NCBI. (2009, August 9). The antimicrobial activity of liposomal lauric acids against propionibacterium acnes. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735618/

Tina M. St. John, M. D. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/97824-characteristics-clostridium-tetani/

Encyclopedia Britannica, I. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540360/Shigella-dysenteriae

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