PROJECT 4
 |
| Bacteria collage |
MEDICALLY-IMPORTANT BACTERIA
|
|||||
No.
|
BACTERIUM
|
GRAM STAIN
|
SHAPE
|
SIZE
|
IMPORTANCE
|
1
|
Staphylococcus
aureus
|
+
|
coccus
|
0.5-1.5 µm
|
Pathogen:
causes Staphylococcal Pneumonia, a respiratory disease.
|
2
|
Salmonella
typhi
|
-
|
bacillus
|
0.5-2.0 µm
|
Pathogen:
is the agent of
Typhoid
Fever, also causes food poisoning.
|
3
|
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
|
Neither
|
bacillus
|
2-4 µm
|
Pathogen:
causes
Tuberculosis
(TB) an infectious disease of the lungs.
|
4
|
Streptococcus
thermophilus
|
+
|
coccus
|
0.5-5 µm
|
Beneficial:
this bacterius is
used
in production for fermentation in the production of yoghurt.
|
5
|
Borrelia
burgdorferi
|
-
|
spirochete
|
Length
1-25 µm
|
Pathogen:
causes
Lyme
Disease
|
6
|
Treponema
pallidum
|
-
|
spirochete
|
Length
10-13 µm
|
Pathogen:causes Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease.
|
7
|
Coxiella
burnetii
|
-
|
coccobacillus
|
Length
0.4-1.2 µm
Wide
0.2-0.4 µm
|
Pathogen:
causes
Q-fever an infectious disease transmitted to human by contact with infect animals.
|
8
|
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae
|
+
|
rod-shaped
bacteria
|
Length
2-6 µm
Wide
0.5µm
|
Pathogen:
bacteria responsible
for diphtheria, an upper respiratory infection
|
9
|
Clostridium
difficile
|
+
|
bacillus
|
3 - 7µm
|
Normal
flora, overgrowth causes: (AAD), pseudomembranous colitis
|
10
|
Streptomyces
griseus
|
+
|
rod
|
0.5 - 1.0µm
|
Relatively
harmless to humans, non-pathogen, used in the production of antibiotics.
|
11
|
Streptococcus
pyogenes
|
+
|
streptococcus
|
Length
less than 2µm
chains/colonies greater than
0.5 mm
|
Opportunistic
pathogen Group A (β-hemolytic) streptococci (GAS), streptococcal sore
throat, strep throat, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo
|
12
|
Hemophilus
influenzae
|
-
|
coccobacillus
|
0.3 µm
|
Pathogen:
Hib
causes meningitis (infection of the covering of the brain and the spinal
cord, pneumonia (infection of the lungs) and bacteremia, infection of the
bloodstream
|
13
|
Escherichia
coli
|
-
|
rod
shaped
|
2.0 µm length
0.25-1.0µm in
diameter
|
normal
flora in gut, produces vitiman k and prevents est. of pathogenic bacteria.
Some serotypes can cause food poisoning in host and are responsible for food
recalls.
|
14
|
Listeria
monocytogenes
|
+
|
rod
shaped
|
1-1.5µm length
0.5 width
|
Opportunistic
foodborne pathogen. Causes septicaemia, menengitis, encephalitis, abortion
even death.
|
15
|
Clostridium
botulinum
|
+
|
rod
shaped
|
0.5-2.0 µm
width
1.6-22.0 µm in
length
|
neurotoxic
bacteria responsible for human botulism
|
16
|
Streptococcus
mutans
|
+
|
coccus
shaped
|
0.5-0.75µm
width
length varies
|
primary
agent in the pathogen,formation of cavities in humans
|
17
|
Helicobacter
pylori
|
-
|
rod
shaped
|
0.5µm width
3.0µm long
|
pathogen,
causes gastritis and gastric ulcers in humans
|
18
|
Mycobacterium
leprae
|
+
|
rod
shaped
|
1.8µm length
0.2-0.5 width
|
obligate
intracellular parasite, causes Hansen's Disease aka Leprosy
|
19
|
Bacillus
anthracis
|
+
|
rod
|
3 - 5µm
|
Pathogen:
causes
Anthrax
|
20
|
Thermus
aquaticus
|
-
|
rod
or short filaments, forming either a rosette or a linear pattern
|
average size
of 15 nm
|
Non
pathogen:
useful
in the field of Biotechnology, as its enzyme Taq polymerase is harvested for
use in polymerase chain reactions (PCR)
|
21
|
Lactobacillus
Acidophilus
|
+
|
rod
shaped
|
0.7-1.1µm
|
useful
in various dairy products
|
22
|
Vibrio
cholera
|
-
|
rod
shaped
|
1.5-2µm
|
epidemic
cholera
|
23
|
Clostridium
tetani
|
+
|
racquet
shaped
|
3-7µm
|
Found
in soil and animal feces. May cause tetanus if in contact with soiled open
wound.
|
24
|
Shigella
dysenteriae
|
-
|
rod
shaped
|
1-3µm
|
fecal
contaminated food, bacillary dysentery
|
25
|
Mycoplasma
pneumonia
|
Neither
|
pear
shaped
|
0.2-0.8µm
|
tracheobronchitis,
primary atypical pneumonia
|
26
|
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
|
-
|
rod
shaped
|
0.5-0.8 µm
|
opportunistic
pathogen, reason for most nosocomial diseases, also cause of pneumonia
|
27
|
Chlamydia
trachomatis
|
-
|
either
coccoid or rod
|
0.25 - 0.3µm
in diameter
|
parasite,
causative agent of chlamydia infections (most common STD)
|
28
|
Propionibacterium
acnes
|
+
|
rod
|
1 - 2 µm
|
considered
non-pathogenic, but causes acne and other post-operative diseases
|
29
|
Neisseria
meningitidis
|
_
|
diplococcus
|
0.6 to 1.0 µm
|
pathogen,
causes: bacterial meningitis, Meningococcal disease
|
30
|
Nocardia
asteroides
|
+
|
rod
|
0.2 µm
|
Pathogen:
causes
nocardiosis. (upper respiratory tract infection, cellulitis & brain
abscesses)
|
REFERENCE
Case, Tortora Funke. Microbiology: an introduction..
11th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014. Print.
Devarajan, MD, V. R. (2014, February 18).
Haemophilus Influenzae Infectionsae . Haemophilus Influenzae Infections.
Retrieved February 19, 2014, from
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/218271-overview
Institutional links. (2011, February 18).
Streptococcus pyogenes. Retrieved February 19, 2014, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/strep-pyogenes-eng.php#note5
"BACTERIA." Micro-organisms. N.p., n.d.
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PhD, K. T. (n.d.). Corynebacterium diphtheriae and
Diphtheria. Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Diphtheria. Retrieved February 17,
2014, from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/diphtheria.html
Schenectady County Community College.
(n.d.).Clostridium difficile. Retrieved from
http://www.sunysccc.edu/academic/mst/microbes/12cdiff.htm
Wikipedia. (n.d.). Clostridium difficile. Retrieved
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile
Todar, K. (2008-2012). Bacillus anthracis and
anthrax. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Anthrax_5.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013,
August 29). Anthrax. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/index.html
Sullivan, J. (n.d.). The life cycle of neisseria
meningitidis. Retrieved from
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/sosarafova/assets/bio307/josullivan/page01.html
Penn State College of Engineering. (n.d.). Bacteria:
Neisseria meningitidis. Retrieved from
http://www.engr.psu.edu/iec/abe/database/bNeissM.htm
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory
Diseases. (2013, December 31). Meningococcal disease. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/
2014 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (2014).
Streptomyces. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568837/Streptomyces
Todor, K. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobialworld/medical.html
2004, National Academy of Sciences, A. B. P. D. ,.
J. M. P. D. ,. A. D. H. P. M. D. ,. P. D. (2004). The infectious etiology of
chronic diseases: Defining the relationship, enhancing the research, and
mitigating the effects. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK83685/
NIH/NCBI. (2009, August 9). The antimicrobial
activity of liposomal lauric acids against propionibacterium acnes. Retrieved
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735618/
Tina M. St. John, M. D. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.livestrong.com/article/97824-characteristics-clostridium-tetani/
Encyclopedia Britannica, I. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540360/Shigella-dysenteriae
